Cardium Therapeutics, now known as Taxus Cardium Pharmaceuticals Group, Inc. (TXUS), is a biopharmaceutical company that has focused on developing and commercializing innovative therapies for cardiovascular diseases and related conditions. Understanding its financial performance requires examining its history, financing strategies, and clinical trial expenditures. Historically, Cardium Therapeutics primarily financed its operations through a combination of equity offerings, debt financing, and grants. The company’s financial statements reflect a reliance on raising capital to fund its research and development programs. This is typical for biotech firms, particularly those in the clinical trial stage. Recurring losses were a common feature due to the significant investment needed to advance drug candidates through pre-clinical and clinical development. Equity financing played a crucial role in Cardium’s early stages. The company frequently issued common stock and warrants to raise funds. These offerings often diluted existing shareholders’ equity but were necessary to maintain operations and advance its pipeline. Analyzing the company’s SEC filings, such as 10-K and 10-Q reports, reveals the frequency and size of these equity raises. Debt financing was also utilized, often taking the form of convertible notes or loans. These agreements typically carried interest payments and conversion features, allowing the lender to convert the debt into equity under certain conditions. This strategy allowed Cardium to access capital without immediately diluting shareholders, but it also introduced the risk of increased debt burden and potential dilution in the future. Grant funding, particularly from government agencies and foundations, provided a non-dilutive source of capital. These grants typically targeted specific research projects and required rigorous reporting and adherence to pre-defined milestones. Winning such grants often validated the scientific merit of Cardium’s research and attracted further investment. A significant portion of Cardium’s financial resources was allocated to research and development (R&D). Clinical trials, particularly Phase II and Phase III studies, represent substantial costs. These expenses included patient enrollment, drug manufacturing, clinical site fees, data management, and statistical analysis. The success or failure of these clinical trials significantly impacted the company’s valuation and its ability to attract further funding. Monitoring the company’s cash burn rate, which measures the rate at which it spends its cash reserves, was crucial for assessing its financial health. A high cash burn rate coupled with limited revenue generation created pressure to continuously raise capital. Periods of slow fundraising or clinical trial setbacks often led to stock price volatility. Cardium’s revenue stream primarily consisted of licensing agreements, collaborations, and eventually, product sales after regulatory approval (if any were achieved for specific products). The timing and magnitude of these revenue streams directly influenced the company’s financial stability. Partnerships with larger pharmaceutical companies were particularly valuable, as they provided upfront payments, milestone payments, and royalties on future sales. Ultimately, evaluating Cardium Therapeutics’ finance required a comprehensive understanding of its funding sources, R&D expenditures, revenue generation, and cash management strategies, against the backdrop of the inherent risks associated with biopharmaceutical development. Examining historical financial statements and SEC filings is vital for discerning the company’s overall financial picture.